36 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury ... #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury ... #Nephrology #Differential
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... - Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... #Acute #KidneyInjury ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
carotid sinus syndrome ... and an initial ECG ... Further diagnostics ... should be guided by clinical ... In many cases, syncope