18 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... disease, but can also ... - Diagnostic of ... infection • Hyaline ... #nephrology #casts
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... CastsHyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential Diagnosis ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
DI; high dilute urine ... hyper/isotonic saline ... hypernatremia can also ... patient weight (eg ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Invasive Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis and Management
Aspergillus is ubiquitous in nature. Most invasive infections are caused
immunosuppression (eg ... • AspGM can be also ... sometimes have this morphology ... considered in certain cases ... Management #treatment #fungal
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... lysis) ± Urine ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
EMG: LMN Signs in ... cervical and thoracic spine ... Other possible diagnosis ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology ... #diagnosis #management