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differential algorithm management treatment syndrome workup hyponatremia rheumatology acute aki cardiology classification infectiousdiseases renal urine casts criteria encephalopathy hyperkalemia kidneyinjury
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
Syndrome What? ... (Many causes!) ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... #diagnosis #neurology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Diagnostic of ... infection • Hyaline ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Casts • Hyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... - Differential Diagnosis ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
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