13 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Urinary #Kidney ... #Types #Morphology
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
- Kidney Stones ... Identification #Differential ... #Shapes #Diagnosis ... #Key #Nephrology ... #Atlas
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Associations Hyaline ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Urinary #Casts #Differential ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology ... Chemotherapy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #microscopy #atlas
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Acellular Casts • Hyaline ... acute and chronic kidney ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Proteinuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Exercise • Fever ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Enteroviruses (e.g ... dengue, LaCrosse, Saint ... • Headache • Fever ... meningeal signs (fever ... #diagnosis #neurology
Common Dermatological Conditions - Distribution and Morphology
 • Acne vulgaris - Face, upper back, chest -
Distribution and Morphology ... and pruritus (e.g ... Varies with site, (e.g ... dermatology #rash #differential ... #diagnosis #skin
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
weight loss, and fever ... permanent alopecia Differential ... to: Arthritis, Fever ... C4) • ds-DNA: Kidney ... induced SLE • Kidney