15 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Motor dysfunction: myoclonic ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia ... #pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Lipoprotein Metabolism

Enterocytes release absorbed lipids the form of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons. These are acted upon by endothelial
producing fatty acids ... The liver uses this ... VLDLs) and bile acids ... released into the blood ... Cholesterol #Metabolism #Pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
impairment • HIV dementia ... Pathophysiology ... integrity of the blood-brain ... motor slowing and ataxia ... #AIDS #Neurology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
acid from the blood ... acid and keto-acids ... acid from the blood ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
of high parity blood ... donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... of ARDS to explain ... transfusion • Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
plasma and some red blood ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... respiratory failure or ARDS ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... electrolyte losses - Ataxia ... cardiomyopathy, ARDS ... muscle function, Ataxia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Myoclonus - Differential Diagnosis
LOCALIZATION:
 • Cortical: Focal/multifocal: Distal UL+ Face, Action/sensitive induced
 • Sub-Cortical:
Causes of Myoclonus ... degenerations, dementias ... acid-base, opioids, psychiatric ... MarcoMalaga97 #Myoclonus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Opthaloplegia • Ataxia