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diagnosis differential causes hypophosphatemia sodium aki calcium diuresis diuretics excretion framework hypercalcemia hypernatremia hypocalcemia hypokalemia kidneyinjury medications neurology parathyroid pharmacology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... deficiency • Drugs ... Hyperphosphatemia, Acute ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... Immobilization, Drugs ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... , Acute Respiratory ... Alkalosis, Tumor ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... paraproteinemia, acute ... resp. alkalosis ... • Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... there a dialysis indication ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... obstruction, Nephrotoxic drugs ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
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