23 results
diagnosis differential causes hypokalemia metabolic hypernatremia management medications neurology potassium workup chloride diuretics epilepticus excretion gitelman hypomagnesemia hypomg hypotonic metabolicalkalosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
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