23 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
rhubarb Medications ... carrots Medications ... asparagus Medications ... infection Blue Medications ... fava beans Medications
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
The Urine / Plasma Electrolyte Ratio - Guide to Fluid Restriction in Hyponatremia
 • U/P Ratio
The Urine / Plasma ... FR < 1000 mL + Medication ... MD @NephroMD #Urine ... #Hyponatremia #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... renal transplant, Diuretic ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
foscarnet - Diuretics ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
Prostate cancer • Medications ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... kidney #blood #urine ... #management #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... #potassium #nephrology