28 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... High or Normal ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Malignancy • Normal ... #Workup #nephrology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
etiology of coma Abnormal ... movements; also normal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
and Non-Gap - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gain of H+) • Normal ... AnionGap #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... reexposed to light; • Normal ... Young females Differential ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Renal Losses: • Normal ... Estrogen based Rx • Normal ... ADHR, XLHR - Normal ... or Low FGF-23: ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap ... Intoxication - Normal ... /normal Type ... /normal Type ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
the patient to relax ... the hand. 3) Now ... Hoffmanns #Sign #Reflex ... #Positive #Abnormal ... clinical #video #neurology
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Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... mechanisms of a Low ... anion gap) • Normal ... AnionGap #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology