132 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Intravascular Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... purpura (TTP), Hemolytic ... reaction, Paroxysmal nocturnal
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... Immune mediated hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... UnremarkableLab #Hemolytic
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic ... reticulocytes • Hemolysis ... type ± C3d • Blood ... Antibody #Autoimmune #Hemolytic
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic ... #Peripheral #Blood
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... • Paroxysmal Nocturnal ... udaygulati #Hemolytic
Peripheral blood findings in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.  DIC is a clinical and laboratory diagnosis, not
Peripheral blood ... microangiopathic hemolytic ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... microangiopathic #hemolytic
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
• Paroxysmal nocturnal ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis
Algorithm for workup of thrombocytopenia based on observation of the peripheral blood film. 
TTP/HUS indicates thrombotic
the peripheral blood ... thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
the peripheral blood ... including chronic blood ... > 3: • Acute blood ... Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... Crush injury • Blood ... edema • Jaundice/Hemolytic ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... Blood transfusion