56 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... only curative treatment ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
- Differential Diagnosis ... Contraction - Signs ... , cauda equina syndrome ... medications • Bladder ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... Variable weakness - Bladder ... paralysis of the bladder ... Leg weakness - Bladder ... #differential #diagnosis
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
carotid sinus syndrome ... orthostatic vital sign ... Further diagnostics ... determine a specific etiology ... The treatment strategy
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
malignancies Treatment ... Capillary leak syndrome ... Hemorrhagic cystitis -> bladder ... #AKI #Cancer #Oncology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... membrane, Alport syndrome ... Calculi, Stricture Bladder ... #Causes #urology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
BPH, urethral or bladder ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... • As soon as bladder ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Autoimmune Myositis
Necrotizing myopathy is associated with higher CK levels, greater level of muscle weakness, less systemic
heliotrope rash, Shaw sign ... , holster sign, ... anti-synthetase syndrome ... after 2 years of treatment ... #rheumatology