22 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Capillary leak syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hemorrhagic cystitis -> bladder ... #AKI #Cancer #Oncology ... Classification #Nephrology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Variable weakness - Bladder ... paralysis of the bladder ... Leg weakness - Bladder ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... level of injury, Bladder ... dysfunction, loss of bladder ... #orthopedics #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
pain hematuria syndrome ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... Renal/Ureter/Bladder ... Diagnosis #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... • Neurogenic Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... • Neurogenic bladder ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... variable weakness, bladder ... sensory loss, bladder ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
Guillain Barre Syndrome ... Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... • Persistent bladder ... dysfunction, Severe bladder ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
membrane, Alport syndrome ... Calculi, Stricture Bladder ... Diagnosis #Causes #urology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Other brainstem syndromes ... Hypothalamic or thalamic syndromes ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology