834 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... Nephropathy (low urine pH ... nephropathy (high urine pH ... Syndrome #TLS #Pathophysiology
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
Acetic Acid → ↓ pH ... ammonia #hepatology #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Lower: • ↓ H+ (↑ pH ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
acidosis with pH ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
- Overview and Pathophysiology ... mmol/L PLUS a pH ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
demonstrate diminished pH ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Crystalloid pH, Contents and Costs Compared
Plasma	pH 7.4
Normal Saline	pH 5.5*	
Ringer’s Lactate pH 6.5	
Plasmalyte A pH 6.5	
Coca-cola pH
Crystalloid pH, ... Compared Plasma pH ... Normal Saline pH ... Ringer’s Lactate pH ... Plasmalyte A pH
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
+ Alkalosis pH ... Metabolic acidosis pH ... Metabolic alkalosis pH ... Respiratory alkalosis pH
Chemical Eye Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Exogenous chemical to the eye and/or adnexa
 • Ammonia, sodium
water until the pH ... #opthalmology #pathophysiology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Serum K, Urine pH ... Serum K, Urine pH ... Acidosis • Urine pH ... obstruction • Urine pH