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diagnosis differential treatment algorithm hypercalcemia renal secondary syndrome adrenal associated crrt diuresis encephalopathy excretion hematology hypertension hyponatremia indications insufficiency k
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndrome, thiazide diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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 Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... , including a diuretic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath Aggressive IV hydration
Hypercalcemia - ... Overload → Loop diuretic ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... Treatment #algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Loop diuretics for ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis Other
Diagnosis and Management ... Hyperkalemia is ... Give 250 mcg of ... Secondary #Diagnosis #Management ... #Endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... syndrome • Triggers: Diuretics ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... TLS #diagnosis #management
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