19 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... DTomacruzM #Hypercalcemia ... #endocrinology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Silicone-induced granuloma, BCG-associated ... jamiekwillows #Hypercalcemia ... #VitaminD #causes ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... disorders including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... only if no clear cause ... emcrit.org/ibcc/hyperkalemia ... management of hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... mediators such as hypercalcaemia ... patients) and/or hypercalcuria ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs