18 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... : • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Silicone-induced granuloma, BCG-associated ... jamiekwillows #Hypercalcemia ... #VitaminD #causes ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Causes: • Vascular ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia
Cardiovascular
 - Hypertension
 - Orthostatic hypotension
 - Potentiation of digitalis toxicity
 -
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia ... weakness, fatigue - Hyporeflexia ... Rhabdomyolysis GI - Nausea ... - Abdominal distension ... intolerance #Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
: Most Common Cause ... Adrenalitis Other causes ... Hyperkalemia is ... Give 250 mcg of ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology