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diagnosis differential high hypokalemia low management treatment algorithm diuretics excretion hepatology hepatorenal hrs k medications pharmacology pseudohyperkalemia renal reverse rhabdomyolysis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... • K sparing diuretics ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... • K sparing diuretics ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... Prevention of blood ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated. Pseudohyperkalemia: This
leukocytes, or red blood ... • Occurs after blood ... Causes: • Seen ... • ECG findings ... #Potassium #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... factor (white blood ... , osmotic diuresis ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... , protein, or blood ... Classification: ... liver insult (e.g ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
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