10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia ... #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... #Hypokalemia # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Supplement: • Potassium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... , TTKG, distal flow ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... • EEG: With persistent ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... hormonal imbalances (low ... hormone levels cause ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... Complications #pathophysiology