15 results
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Lower Urinary Tract ... Infection of the lower ... extends above the bladder ... urea which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... obstruction, neurogenic bladder ... epithelium -> Lower ... : Infection of bladder ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria + clots ➔ Lower ... Urinary tract source ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... (Upper and Lower ... urinary tract)
Causes of Pelvic Organ Prolapse - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Herniation of one or more pelvic organs
Risk factors:
Causes of Pelvic ... vagina," possible lower ... vault prolapse Bladder ... - Slow urinary ... incontinence, bladder
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... junction obstruction Lower ... , nocturia - Bladder ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... obstruction, neurogenic bladder ... accumulation Lower ... ascend ureters from lower ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Overfilling of the bladder ... BPH, urethral or bladder ... mellitus -> Bladder ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... pressure raise the bladder ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract ... Kidney #Injury #Classification
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
disturbance • Bladder ... - Emergency Causes ... palpation of the bladder ... for urinary retention ... differential #diagnosis #causes