372 results
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #table
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... : • Familial hypercalcemic ... #Causes #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia, High PTH ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low PTH ... @kdjhaveri #Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... High or Normal PTH ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Low PTH: • High ... Workup #nephrology #PTH
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
malignancy-associated hypercalcemia ... non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related ... Pathophys #Diagnosis #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm 

(PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.)

#Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH ... #Hypercalcemia #
#Diagnosis #Differential #Hypercalcemia #PTH #Differential #Algorithm
#Differential #Hypercalcemia ... #PTH #Differential
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Various Pituitary path ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia