18 results
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Algorithm for Differentiating ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... #hypokalemia ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... → Increased urine ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome of Inappropriate ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology