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Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... : • Chest Wall ... Obesity - Flail chest ... : - Anemia • ... #sob #differential
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases
 - Pneumonia
 - Atelectasis
 - Emphysema
 - Pneumothorax
 - Effusion
 -
Diseases - Pneumonia ... #Diseases #Radiology ... #Patterns #Lung ... #CXR #XRay #ChestCT ... #Differential #
Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification
Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries
 • Idiopathic, HIV,
III - Chronic lung ... chronic hemolytic anemia ... activity worsens dyspnea ... , fatigue, or chest ... , fatigue, chest
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea ... - Differential ... • Sub-Valvular Disease ... Thickening/Masses Chest ... - Other • Anemia
Posterior Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurofibroma
 • Neurosarcoma
 • Neuroblastoma
 • Ganglioneuroma
 • Meningocele
Mediastinal Mass - Differential ... • Small cell lung ... Mediastinal #Mass #Differential ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary ... #radiology #chest
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
reticularis Blood: Anemia ... Pericarditis) -> Chest ... , pleuritic chest ... disease/pulmonary ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea ... exercise intolerance, chest ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... disease • Drugs ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
and Differential ... Vasodilation Lung ... Metabolism Severe Anemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... Smoking related diseases ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #ChestCT #Differential
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
- Emphysema - Lung ... Honeycombing Most diseases ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... LowAttenuation #Differential