46 results
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... acidosis 4) Presentation ... Acidosis, Respiratory ... High Lactate, Low Potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
- Causes lactic ... acidosis? ... patients with a metabolic ... acidosis? ... #Crystalloids #pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Associated Lactic Acidosis ... (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... acidosis including ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... acidosis due to ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Ketoacidosis Management ... Potassium 4. ... Acidosis 5. ... an underlying cause ... Ketoacidosis #Diabetes #Management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... intracellular calcium causes ... CaitEKulig #Digoxin #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology