21 results
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure (CHF ... ) Iron deficiency ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... #cardiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Disease • GH Deficiency ... • IGF-I Deficiency ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... ) • Inborn Metabolism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Iron Deficiency ... class II and Ill HF ... order to alleviate symptoms ... #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure ... management #algorithm #cardiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
relative insulin deficiency ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... : • T4 deficiency ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... improvement in symptoms ... #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... : • GH deficiency ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Hyperthyroidism - Increased Metabolism ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... - Signs and Symptoms ... pressure • Glucose Metabolism ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
overload -> - CHF ... • Incr Glucose Metabolism ... Syndrome - Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs