33 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... • Metabolic: Menkes ... diseaseNutritional ... drkeithsiau #Copper #Deficiency ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... : IBD, Chronic disease ... Hemolysis, Iron metabolism ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #anemia #nutrition
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... from hormonal and metabolic ... due to chronic disease ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... improvement in symptoms ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Neuropathy • Metabolic ... / Nutritional: ... DiabetesB12 deficiency ... Syphilis, Lyme disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Plain radiography of the abdomen revealed calcification of both adrenal glands. A homozygous mutation in LIPA
, or Wolman’s disease ... autosomal recessive metabolic ... critical for the metabolism ... and gut, which causes ... NEJM #Wolmans #radiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Vasodilation Lung Disease ... Hyperthyroidism - Increased Metabolism ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Fibrillation Overview Symptoms ... Valvular heart disease ... Drugs/toxins • Metabolic ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology ... #Management #Algorithm
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... seen in several disease ... fatty acid (FA) metabolism ... Glucosuria causes ... differential #diagnosis #management
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... decompensated liver disease ... and decreased metabolism ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology