28 results
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... depot iron] Treatment ... Heart #Failure #CHF ... #pharmacology # ... pathophysiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
• IGF-I Deficiency ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure
Infographic depicting the main pearls of various types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia for the medical student.
CAH #algorithm #causes ... diagnosis #comparison #treatment ... #Peds #Endocrinology ... #Adrenal #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... decompensation (CHF ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... titration • B12 deficiency ... #Metformin #Pharmacology ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
AACE/ACE 2016 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treatment Algorithm

Evaluate for causes of secondary osteoporosis

Correct calcium/vitamin D deficiency and address
Evaluate for causes ... calcium/vitamin D deficiency ... and address causes ... • Recommend pharmacologic ... Postmenopausal #Treatment
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... salmonella, ...), Parasites ... Cellular immune deficiency ... Treatment: • ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... Manifestations Causes ... of Thiamine Deficiency ... production • Deficiency ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... : 33% • Treatment ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... : No • Treatment