28 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Infectious Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
Anatomical distribution of vessels to the adrenal makes the gland prone to
Infectious Causes ... risk for either primary ... Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome ... Pneumocystis Jiroveci • Parasites ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... ACTH-Independent (Primary ... Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Congenital adrenal ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Recovery From DKA ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Anti-GBM, Anti-ds-DNA ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... syndrome: troponin
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... , adrenal, prostate ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #endocrinology