29 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Algorithm • Confirm ... repeat testing • Acute ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... (proteinuria, RBC ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Algorithm Red ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... arteritis • Acute ... #Algorithm #neurology
Causes of Secondary Headaches (without Red Flag Symptoms) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute
 • Sinusitis
 • Dental
Causes of Secondary ... Red Flag Symptoms ... Algorithm Acute ... #Neurology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... castsDiagnostic ... #nephrology #renal
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... : • RBC Casts - ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
(Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology