55 results
Demyelinating Diseases - Differential Diagnosis
 • Inflammatory: MS, ADEM, NMO, Paraneoplastic, Sjogren's, Polyarteritis nodosa, SLE
 •
Other: Vitamin B12 ... Diagnosis #causes #neurology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... Etiology: • Vit B12 ... who don't take B12 ... - Low Vit B12 ... level (< 200 pg
Dizziness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"Tell me what you mean by dizzy without using the word dizzy."
Vertigo:
neuropathy (DM, B12 ... Coordination/Strength: B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (B12 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Acute Thiamine (B1 ... Encephalopathy #Thiamine #B1 ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan
 • Cell wall component of many fungi
Mucormycosis • Neg (<60 pg ... Fungal #Testing #FalsePositives
Causes of Dementia / Cognitive Impairment - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Affecting Multiple Domains
 • Depression
 • Delirium
Decline
Subdural Hematoma • B12 ... CognitiveImpairment #Dementia #Neurology
Nutrient Deficiencies and Supplementation Post Gastric Bypass Surgery
Nutrient Deficiencies:
 • Most frequent in the malabsorptive surgeries
folate, iron, B12 ... years • Pervasive neurologic ... Phos, Ca+, Bl, B12
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
In the diet:
5-15 pg/day (min. 1-5)
B12
Protein
HC
pH t
B12
Duodenum
Stomach
1
B12
R-protein
Protein
From saliva
R-protein
Intrinsic factor
Pancreas
B12
R-Protein
Trypsin
B12
Terminal ileum
B12
IF
2
Specific binding to receptors of
Cobalamin (vitamin B12 ... the diet: 5-15 pg ... day (min. 1-5) B12 ... Protein HC pH t B12 ... IF B12 pH >
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Elevated Anion Gap > 12 ... AnionGap #NonGap #Nephrology