33 results
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Inflammatory and Autoimmune ... lupus erythematosus ... #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #anemia
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune ... context of other symptoms ... Thyroid, Autoimmune ... ANA #patterns #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... Test: Donath-Landsteiner ... test #cold # ... #hematology #diagnosis
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
Autoimmune diseases ... and duration of symptoms ... angioedema Other symptoms ... Cold #Urticaria #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
- Hemolytic anemia ... auto-immune, Infectious diseases ... sclerosis, Still's disease ... autoantibodies #signs #symptoms ... #differential #rheumatology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
minimal tumor burden Diagnosis ... chemotherapy for low-risk disease ... Leukemia #oncology #hematology ... #hemeonc #diagnosis ... #management
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
- Differential Diagnosis ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Laboratory Tests ... #hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... Initial screening test ... #SLE #Summary #diagnosis ... #rheumatology # ... management
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
Differential Diagnosis ... • Non-autoimmune ... deficiencies • Autoimmune ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... : • Symptoms limited