35 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... , hypoglycemia Testing ... ACTH) stimulation test ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... (in the setting ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
dexamethasone suppression test ... Hormone • MRI of adrenal ... #diagnosis #algorithm ... #endocrinology ... #Adrenal #Hyperfunction
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... cosyntropin stimulation test ... interact with stim test ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... then go to stim testing ... Standard Stim test ... #Stimulation #Test ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Screening Testing ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
Diagnosis Adrenal ... Step 1) Screening Test ... require Cosyntropin testing ... ) Confirmation Test ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology