25 results
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... • Bilateral RAS ... • Unilateral RAS ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... the existence of hypertension ... , Congenital adrenal ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Congenital Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... • Malignant Hypertension ... Aldosterone-secreting mass • Adrenal ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... , Congenital adrenal ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... heart failure, neurologic ... White-coat syndrome ... Neurologic disorders ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Risk Factors: • Hypertensive ... Immunomodulatory meds ... inhibitors • Renal ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... disease - Hypertensive ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
• Hepatorenal syndromes ... Emboli Systemic Hypotension ... Ischemia (severe hypotension ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes