253 results
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Serum PO4 -> decr RBC ... hemolysis - anemia ... Constipation - MSK ... pathophysiology #symptoms #signs
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Diagnosis Algorithm Signs ... of anemia and hemolysis ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... / Normochromic RBCs ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... ) - Abnormal RBCs ... #Normocytic #Anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Pathophysiology #Hemolytic #Anemia
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... Glucose Content • RBC ... Reduction == Increase RBC ... • Hemolytic anemia
Anemia Diagnostic Algorithm

Mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV): Average RBC size. Under 80 = microcytic. Between 80-95
Anemia Diagnostic ... (MCV): Average RBC ... among size of RBCs ... for degree of anemia ... thecurbsiders podcast #Anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Megaloblastic anemia ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Common RBC Inclusions and Associations
 • Howell Jolly Bodies: Hyposplenism, Asplenism, Severe hemolytic anemia
 • Heinz
Common RBC Inclusions ... Severe hemolytic anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... , Hemolytic anemia ... Sickle cell, MDS #RBC