4162 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... HIV serology, renal ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... eg, presence of renal ... bruit or signs ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Lung cancer • Renal ... Reduced libido • Signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic ... Renal Mass - Differential ... Carcinoma - No signs ... of infection - Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Pathologic fractures Renal ... resorption, Incr renal ... Skull expansion causes ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... patient has good renal ... anion gap until it closes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea
Abdominal Pain - Physical Examination Signs and Maneuvers
 - Murphy's sign
 - Kehr's sign
 - McBurney's
- Kehr's sign ... - McBurney's sign ... - Psoas sign ... - Cough sign ... - Pulsatile Masses
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... Americans (18-71 cases ... , and possibly renal ... symptoms are not caused ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs