13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... /joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Heart Failure (CHF ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
decompensation (CHF ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Deficiency) - Diagnosis ... Mucous membranes • Bone ... Psychiatric symptoms ... , or any other cause ... vasculitis Treatment
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
psychosis - CHF ... ↑ AST/ALT • Treatment ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Transplantation including bone ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... surgery, trauma, and bone-marrow ... than one after symptom ... the underlying pathophysiology ... and cauda equina TREATMENT