30 results
Evaluation and Management of Hyperkalemia

As with hypokalemia, the immediate danger of hyperkalemia is its effect on
As with hypokalemia ... is its effect on ... strength, and initial efforts ... should focus on ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
to 15 g QD • Side ... Effects: Edema ... times daily • Side ... Effects: Intestinal ... #pharmacology #table
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
(mild ↑CO) - Side ... effects: Arrythmias ... effects: Reflex ... Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... Inotropes #comparison #table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia ... with the drain wide ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... effect • Cisplatin ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... MEN) Drug Side ... Effects • Thiazide ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Ozempic), or daily tablet ... pancreatitis Common Side ... : • Gl side effects ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • May
Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Table - Wide vs Narrow, Regular vs Irregular

Regular Rhythm - Narrow Complex
Differential Diagnosis Table ... /effect • Tx: ... Underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... Irregular #causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Medication side ... effect (e.g. αblockers ... - Medication side ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Genetic defects ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes