31 results
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Medication side ... effect (e.g. αblockers ... - Medication side ... effect (e.g. sedation ... #Table #Causes
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
(mild ↑CO) - Side ... effects: Arrythmias ... effects: Reflex ... Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... Inotropes #comparison #table
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Ozempic), or daily tablet ... pancreatitis Common Side ... : • Gl side effects ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • May
Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Table - Wide vs Narrow, Regular vs Irregular

Regular Rhythm - Narrow Complex
Differential Diagnosis Table ... /effect • Tx: ... Underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... Irregular #causes
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Mechanisms and Side ... Effects • Serotonin ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Mechanisms and Side ... Effects Withdrawal ... Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... failure Common Side ... Effects and Toxicities ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • Saxagliptin
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Mechanism and Side-effect ... anticholinergic effect ... • Neurologic effect ... -> Nausea, vomiting ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
to 15 g QD • Side ... Effects: Edema ... times daily • Side ... Effects: Intestinal ... #pharmacology #table
The Effect of Zinc on the Enteral Absorption of Copper. Panel A shows how copper (Cu)
The Effect of Zinc ... On the apical side ... prevent toxic effects ... how zinc (Zn) causes ... #Pathophysiology