10 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (carbonic anhydrase ... syndrome (mimics loop diuretic ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... : • Acute or chronic ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Management of Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis (LN) in 10 to 40% of SLE
Hallmark = proteinuria 20.5 g/g
in 10 to 40% of SLE ... or 0.5 g/day → renal ... severity (ISN/RPS classification ... by 12 months Classification ... #rheumatology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
15 suggests ↓ renal ... and Elimination (see ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
diseases: syßtemic lupus ... erythematosus (SLE ... Diabetes, diabetic ... Chronic kidney disease ... High #Potassium #Classification