43 results
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... #hyperkalemia ... #diuresis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... syndrome (mimics loop diuretic ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
• Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
Diuresis in Critical ... TO PO • USE HIGH ... , address diuretic ... especially in high ... Early nephrologv
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... #nephrology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE ... High Renin - ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia