23 results
#diabetes #T2DM #antidiabeticagents #oraldiabeticagents

FIGURE 9.1 Glucose-lowering medication in type 2 diabetes: overall approach. For appropriate context,
#diabetes #T2DM ... in type 2 diabetes ... Canagliflozin on Renal ... Diabetes Care 2018 ... Diabetes Care 19
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Abnormality • SLE ... Discoloration • Medications ... heart failure • Diabetes ... discoloration) • Chronic renal ... Systemic #Secondary #dermatology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
cell disease - Renal ... transplant - SLE ... High Renin - ... Low Renin - Diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology