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diagnosis differential hypokalemia hyperkalemia high low treatment aspirin chloride diuresis diuretics excretion medications metabolic pharmacology renal salicylate table toxicity toxicology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... vomiting) • Low K ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management Consider if: 1) Patient is hot and altered 2) You see tachypnea with
altered 2) You see ... no respiratory cause ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... 4.5 mmol/L 4) K
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... only if no clear cause ... and Elimination (see ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... Inhibitors of Na+K+ ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... #nephrology
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