15 results
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... aspiration #Potassium #Binding ... #pharmacology #table
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Elevated PTHrp - Solid ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... stroke, Delayed finding ... differential #diagnosis #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
while retaining sodium ... , which causes increased ... inhibiting drug classes ... this pathway, ending ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
works by directly binding ... intracellular sodium ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... , in states of hypokalemia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... Screening #Workup #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatments: • K-Binding
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... seizure • Other Findings ... Ataxia • Lab Findings ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes