110 results
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs ... Anaphylaxis: when any egg ... phase symptoms Signs ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... immunology #diagnosis #signs
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Action #nephrology #pharmacology
Approach to ECGs - Syncope Syndromes
Electrolytes
 • ↑K - brady, peak T, wide QRS, no P,
Approach to ECGs ... delta wave and short ... Syncope #Syndromes #ECG ... #EKG #Checklist ... electrocardiogram #differential
Common sodium channel blockers which cause QRS widening.

Anticonvulsants: 
 - Carbamazepine 
Antidysrhythmics:  
 - Group
QRS #widening #ECG ... #EKG #Pharmacology ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Differential
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Approach to ECGs - Ischemia
MI = Biomarkers + ECG or echo/angiogram findings
Pathologic Q - 1/3 height
Approach to ECGs ... = Biomarkers + ECG ... Equivalents / Don't Miss Signs ... deWinter T waves - starts ... Interpretation #differential
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - ... Differential Diagnosis ... ) • Familial Short ... Constitutional Short ... #ShortStature #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... K-ATPase which imports ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential ... - Congenital (e.g ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... deficiency: - Short ... tissue expansion (e.g ... endocrinology #pathophysiology