12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Diarrhea, Third spacing ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... thirst, Lack of access ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Algorithm Unprovoked ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Acute #Kidney
Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Congenital Anomaly / Disorder:
 •
Algorithm Congenital ... Arrhythmia • Neurologic ... Accidental* Other: • Acute ... Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ... exposure - Sharing
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Impairment: • Acute ... Infectious: Brain abscess ... toxins: Steroids, Statins ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... Differential Diagnosis ... Spinal infection/abscess ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... nervous system abscess ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... #Differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology