31 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary ... hyperparathyroidism ... due to decreased urinary ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 - FHH
 - Hypercalcemia of malignancy
 - Local osteolytic hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... - FHH - Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
- Primary vs Secondary ... Tertiary Lab Comparison ... : • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... or normal): • Primary ... Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... MEN IIa • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology