66 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... upgaze - Light-near ... → "setting sun sign ... #diagnosis #pineal ... #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
brain, eye, and ear ... important, as early diagnosis ... Inflammatory causes ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... • Light-near dissociation ... retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... #neurology #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Non-Infectious: • Rheumatologic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #cardiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Independent: • Tea ... and Toast Syndrome ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
6mm); • Light-near ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
- Differential Diagnosis ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Potomania - Tea ... #nephrology #sodium
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
Pericarditis A 50-year-old ... the underlying diagnosis ... Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... Pericarditis #Cardiology