1565 results
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
) - Stagnant urine ... system, stagnant urine ... them to adhere to renal ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal ... hour with goal urine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
patient has good renal ... function/urine ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
diet, hormones, urine ... Chronic retention of urine ... Acute or chronic renal ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Pathologic fractures Renal ... resorption, Incr renal ... Ca2+] load, Incr urine ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Gap - UAG and Urine ... - RenalUrine ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... Decreased Serum K, Urine ... = Hyperkalemic Renal ... uncimchiefs #RTA #Renal
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... believed that urine ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... Urine eosinophils
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Na <20: Extra-renal ... losses • Urine ... Na >30: Renal losses ... Na > 30: Renal