17 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... (TLS) Tumor Cell ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Primary hyperaldosteronism ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
either secondary or primary ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... • Primary Hyperaldosteronism ... Renin-secreting tumor ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
High Al, Low R - Primary ... Renin-secreting tumor ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Myelitis, Trauma, Tumor ... Motor Nerves: ALS ... Guillain-Barre syndrome ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Shift: Refeeding Syndrome ... Respiratory Alkalosis, Tumor ... Genesis Syndrome ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
, Tumor genesis ... syndrome FEPO4 ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... Renin secreting tumor ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology