1800 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Excess free water ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... glucosuria Low Urine ... • No access to water ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Urine ... Output > 3L /day Water ... Diuresis (Urine ... 200 mOsm/kg) • Water ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
day, Increased Urine ... Osmotic Diuresis Urine ... Following Water ... Following Water ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
excretion along with water ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Urine Specific Gravity ... Gravity = Density of urine ... / Density of water ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Urine ... #differential #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Hypovolaemia → ADH → water ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
to unreplaced water ... loss (free water ... history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Excess Intake of Water ... Reabsorption of Water ... Polyuria Mimics (↑ urine ... frequency without ↑ urine ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Diabetes Insipidus - Diagnosis Algorithm
Tests:
 • Osmolality, Urine AND/OR
 • Osmolality, Serum or Plasma AND
 •
• Osmolality, Urine ... Plasma or Serum • Water ... + Osmolality, Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Free water restriction ... • All food has water ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology