80 results
Pathophysiology of The Nephron - Electrolyte and Water Exchange

The nephron — electrolyte and water exchange. 
180
Electrolyte and Water ... electrolyte and water ... 26000 mmol of sodium ... 60—180 mmol of sodium ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Excess free water ... loss, Serum Sodium ... • No access to water ... GI loss • Watery ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
#3 - Perform a water ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diagnosis Inadequate water ... Lack of access to water ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
excretion along with water ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypernatremia Management Algorithm
Acute vs Chronic
Calculate Losses
 • Current water Deficit
 • Ongoing Free water Losses
 •
Hypernatremia Management ... Losses • Current water ... • Ongoing Free water ... Hypernatremia #Management ... Algorithm #treatment #nephrology
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
Pharmacologic Management ... Surfactants - Docusate sodium ... Enemas - Tap water ... - Sodium phosphate ... Pharmacologic #Management
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
to unreplaced water ... loss (free water ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... Hypovolaemia → ADH → water ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... Free water restriction ... Induces osmotic water ... promoting passive sodium ... #hyponatremia #nephrology